• Stefan W Koester, Raphael Bertani, Savio Batista, Anthony E Bishay, Caio Perret, Michael C Dewan, Wellingson Paiva, Wuilker Knoner Campos, and Eberval G Figueiredo.
• School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
• World Neurosurg. 2023 Dec 1; 180: e309e316e309-e316.

BackgroundLow- and middle-income countries (LMICs) bear a heavier burden of neurosurgical diseases than high-income countries. Brazil, a growing middle-income country, holds promise as a health care market. However, there exists a lack of information to characterize the state of neurosurgical practice and access to care in Brazil. This study aimed to characterize neurosurgical practice in Brazil and identify barriers to care.MethodsA collaborative survey was developed with Brazilian neurosurgeons and distributed by the Brazilian Society of Neurosurgery. The survey gathered demographic information, practice characteristics, case volume, referral patterns, income sources, and assessed barriers using a Likert scale. Descriptive statistics were employed for data analysis.ResultsOne-hundred and forty-nine neurosurgeons participated (response rate: 17.5%), representing various states in Brazil. Neurosurgeons practiced in more than 4 different hospital systems on average, with most consultations and procedures occurring in public hospitals. Common procedures included tumor surgeries, general neurosurgery, spine surgeries, trauma surgeries, and hydrocephalus management. Equipment shortage and systemic issues were identified as major barriers to care.ConclusionsNeurosurgical practice in Brazil exhibits diverse age distribution, widespread distribution across states, and involvement in both public and private hospitals. Survey insights shed light on neurosurgical workload and neurosurgical practice characterization. Lack of equipment and inadequate postoperative resources pose significant barriers to care. The findings highlight the need for investments in equipment, critical care facilities, and improved health care system coordination to enhance access to neurosurgical care in Brazil.Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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