• Gul Eyikudamaci, Hasan Ege, Nihal Ensen, and Nermin Yelmen.
• Department of Physiology, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey.
• Nutrition. 2024 Jan 1; 117: 112213112213.

ObjectivesThe prevalence of obesity and overweight in children has been increasing rapidly worldwide and threatens society with various chronic diseases that these children are born with. High-protein ketogenic diets and intermittent nutrition are thought to be protective against obesity and metabolic syndrome MetS. However, the exact effects and results, insulin resistance, and the role of leptin in the functioning mechanism of these diets have not been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the roles of insulin resistance and leptin hormone on the effects of body composition with a high-protein ketogenic diet and intermittent nutrition combination.MethodsThirty-two young non-obese rats were randomly divided into four equal groups. Both the standard diet and the high-protein ketogenic diet were given ad libitum and intermittently to the rats for 6 wk. The body weight and fat mass of the rats were measured at the end of the experiment. The fasting glucose, leptin, insulin, high- and low-density lipoprotein, and triacylglycerols were measured with the blood samples.ResultsThe lowest body weight was observed in the intermittent and high-protein ketogenic diet group, followed by the free high-protein ketogenic diet and standard intermittent diet group, respectively. Also, the lowest body fat mass was observed in the intermittent and high-protein ketogenic diet group, followed by the standard intermittent diet group. Although there was no change in leptin, insulin, high- and low-density lipoprotein, and triacylglycerol levels in any group, the lowest blood glucose rate was observed in the intermittent and high-protein ketogenic diet group.ConclusionThe results of the present study revealed that an intermittent high-protein ketogenic diet is more effective than others in weight loss without disrupting biochemical health parameters, and the applied diets do not prevent growth and development.Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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