• Maika Kudoh, Toshihiko Kakiuchi, Masato Yoshiura, Motohiro Esaki, and Muneaki Matsuo.
• Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2023 Oct 27; 102 (43): e35448e35448.

RationaleJuvenile polyps (JPs) are the most common polyp type and can be observed in 1% of all preschoolers. The peak incidence is observed at ages 3 to 5 years, constituting 90% of all polyps in children. Elevated levels of fecal calprotectin (FC) are often seen in children with JPs.Patient ConcernsA 15-month-old girl was referred to our hospital for blood on the stool surface persisting for 3 months. She was healthy, with no abdominal pain, diarrhea, anorexia, or weight loss and no complaints other than hematochezia. Her physical examination, vital signs and laboratory date were unremarkable.DiagnosisJPs.InterventionTotal colonoscopy for her found 2 JPs in the sigmoid colon, which were subsequently resected endoscopically.OutcomesAt the age of 5 years, this patient again had bloody stools. Her FC measurement at that time was 1020 mg/kg, which normalized to 42 mg/kg 3 months after her second resection.LessonsSingle or multiple solitary JPs require follow-up that fully considers the possibility of recurrence. Establishing a method for early confirmation of JP recurrence based on bloody stools, fecal occult blood testing, and FC measurement is necessary.Copyright © 2023 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

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