• Dong Bai, Yuanzi Liang, Wenting Liu, Yanhan Liu, and Zhiqun Wang.
• Department of Radiology, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing, China.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2023 Oct 27; 102 (43): e35786e35786.

RationaleAngiomyolipoma is a mesenchymal tumor composed of blood vessels, smooth muscle, and mature adipose tissue. It is most commonly found in the kidney, and is rare outside the kidney, especially in the mediastinum. Only about 12 cases have been reported worldwide so far.Patient ConcernsWe report a young female patient who had been found with a left thoracic mass for 19 years. In the past 19 years, the patient had no chest pain, dyspnea and other symptoms, but this time she visited the doctor because of cough, and there were no other clinical signs.DiagnosesThe patient underwent computed tomography plain scan and enhanced scan after admission with imaging manifestations of a mixed density mass in the left chest cavity, calcification and fat density in the inside, and tortuous blood vessels after enhancement. Combined with imaging, the diagnosis was teratoma, not excluding hamartoma.InterventionsThe patient underwent a central open thoracic giant mass resection.OutcomesThe postoperative pathology confirmed that it was angiomyolipoma originating from anterior mediastinum invasion of the left chest cavity, and no clear recurrence was seen after 1 year of postoperative follow-up.LessonsAngiomyolipomas in the mediastinum are rare, especially those that invade the thorax. This article describes the clinical, imaging and pathological features of the patient in detail, which improves the understanding of the disease of clinical and imaging doctors, and provides a basis for the differential diagnosis of mediastinal lesions.Copyright © 2023 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

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