• Wanping Ao, Ping Huang, Jinjing Wang, Xiaoyun Fu, and Bao Fu.
• Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi city, China.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2023 Oct 27; 102 (43): e35702e35702.

RationaleInvasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is an uncommon but life-threatening disease. The disease often occurs in immunocompromised patients or critically ill patients. Here, we reported that IPA occurred in a non-immunocompromised host.Patient ConcernsA 45-year-old man was admitted to the hospital for 1 week due to fever and cough. He was engaged in waste recycling and lived in a dark and humid environment for a long time.DiagnosisInvasive pulmonary aspergillosis.InterventionsNext generation sequencing and pathological examination of alveolar lavage fluid indicated aspergillus infection. He received voriconazole infusion after admission. After 5 weeks of antifungal treatment, his condition improved significantly and discharged.OutcomeOne week after discharge, his condition deteriorated again and returned to the hospital. Unfortunately, he died.LessonThe immunocompetent adults can develop invasive pulmonary aspergillosis if they are exposed to high-risk environments. IPA in non-immunocompromised host should arouse the vigilance of clinicians.Copyright © 2023 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

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