• Jiangbo Xie, Tingting Zhang, Ying Zhang, Weiwei Wu, Peichun Li, and Xuezheng Zhang.
• Department of Neurology, Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weifang, China.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2023 Nov 10; 102 (45): e35782e35782.

RationaleDural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) are rare cerebral abnormal arteriovenous anastomoses. It is uncommon for DAVFs with parkinsonism and dementia, so it is easily misdiagnosed. Neuroimaging examinations show that multifocal DAVFs are related to venous thrombosis and white matter changes, suggesting that cerebral circulatory disorders caused by venous hypertensive encephalopathy lead to dementia in patients. Digital subtraction angiography confirmed the diagnosis and subsequent treatment of DAVFs.Patient ConcernsWe report 2 cases, one caused by bilateral white matter lesions and the other caused by bilateral thalamus lesions. Their symptoms are all manifested as progressive dementia and parkinsonism.DiagnosisThey were diagnosed with dural arteriovenous fistulas by digital subtraction angiography.OutcomesThe first patient developed progressive cognitive impairment, 6 months later, the patient developed bedridden, incontinence, and severe cognitive function.The second patient became increasingly bedridden 3 months after discharge and died of aspiration pneumonia.LessonsThere are few reports of progressive dementia and parkinsonism in DAVF patients, and neurologists should be vigilant to avoid misdiagnosing DAVF.Copyright © 2023 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

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