• Deborah Obehi Onwusah, Elizabeth Bolanle Ojewole, Tawanda Manyangadze, and Moses John Chimbari.
• Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
• Patient Prefer Adher. 2023 Jan 1; 17: 282128392821-2839.

PurposeDespite the life-saving benefits of oral anticancer medications (OAMs) to women with breast cancer (BC), adherence remains suboptimal and, in many cases, not well documented. The study examined barriers and facilitators of adherence to OAMs among women receiving BC treatment in Nigeria.Patients And MethodsThe study was framed within the World Health Organization (WHO) Multidimensional Model of Adherence. We conducted qualitative in-depth interviews of 16 purposively sampled women in two tertiary hospitals in Southern Nigeria. The interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. The interview data were analyzed using the Framework Method.ResultsThe key barriers to OAM adherence mentioned were socioeconomic factors (high cost of medication) and therapy-related factors (medication side effects). The key facilitating mechanisms for adherence to OAMs mentioned included; (i) patient-related psychosocial factors such as self-encouragement and self-discipline in sticking to the prescription, taking the medication at a particular time each day, receiving practical support from family members; and (ii) healthcare team/system factors such as obtaining an adequate supply of the medication at the pharmacy.ConclusionBarriers and facilitators to OAM adherence are multidimensional. The study findings highlight the potential benefit of a multifaceted intervention (such as patient education and monitoring or strategies promoting cost-containment and side effects management) to optimize adherence. Therefore, our findings may inform the designing and evaluating of context-specific adherence measures and multifaceted intervention strategies targeting key barriers and approaches that enable adherence to enhance patient outcomes.© 2023 Onwusah et al.

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