• Sajjad Ahmed Khan, Dikshya Devkota, Rahul Kumar Chaudhary, Anish Luitel, Surya Bahadur Parajuli, Madhab Bista, and Asmita Rayamajhi.
• Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital, Morang, Nepal.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2023 Nov 24; 102 (47): e36043e36043.

AbstractCarcinoid tumors (CT) are among the least studied tumors. It is a relatively rare and slow-growing tumor with good survival in its primary form. However, metastatic carcinoid tumor comes up with many different complications contributing to increased morbidity and mortality. Metastatic form of the disease has a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations and multisystem involvement including cardiovascular manifestations, neurological manifestations, and psychiatric manifestations and so on. In this review, we are centered towards the cardiovascular manifestations of the disease, which, by far, is one of the commonest causes of death in these patients. Being a neuroendocrine tumor, cardiovascular manifestations are mainly because of biologically active substances, produced by the tumor cells, remodeling the heart. Development of targeted therapies against carcinoid heart diseases is currently limited by lack of understanding of pathophysiology of the disease processes. In this review, we aim to figure out the spectrum of carcinoid heart diseases, along with the molecular biology of the changes going on, which, in turn, will not only pave a way to the development of targeted therapies but will also extend opportunities for molecular screening of the tumor and diagnosis at an early stage, thereby, reducing the morbidity and mortality.Copyright © 2023 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

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