• Nahar A Alselaim, Muhannad Abdulrahman Alsemari, Mesnad Alyabsi, and Abrar M Al-Mutairi.
• From the Department of Surgery, King Abdulaziz Medical City, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
• Ann Saudi Med. 2023 Nov 1; 43 (6): 364372364-372.

BackgroundThe 30-day period following emergency colorectal surgery (ECRS) is associated with high mortality and morbidity. There is a lack of data assessing factors associated with outcomes of ECRS in the Saudi population.ObjectivesAssess factors associated with 30-day postoperative mortality and complications following ECRS.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingSingle tertiary care center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.Patients And MethodsDemographic characteristics (age, sex, diagnosis, American Society of Anesthesiologists classification, pre-operative septic state, smoking, and comorbidities), operative characteristics (urgency, diverting ostomy, and procedure performed), and postoperative characteristics (length of stay, 30-day mortality, intensive care unit [ICU] admission, ICU length of stay, surgical site infection [SSI], readmission, reoperation, and complications) were collected from electronic medical records. Univariate logistic regression was used to evaluate association with the outcome measures (30-day mortality and postoperative complications). Multivariate logistic regression was applied to evaluate independent variables.Main Outcome MeasureThirty-day postoperative mortality and morbidity.Sample Size241 patients.ResultsAmong 241 patients, 145 (60.2%) were men, and 80 (33.2%) patients were between 50-64 years of age. The most common indication for surgery was malignancy 138 (57%). The overall complication rate was 26.6% and the 30-day mortality rate was 11.2%. Left hemicolectomy was the most commonly performed procedure, performed in 69 (28.6%) patients. Patients between the age of 65-74 had an increased odds of death within 30 days (OR 5.25 [95% CI 1.03-26.5]) on univariate analysis. Preoperative sepsis was associated with a fourfold increase in the likelihood of 30-day mortality (OR 4.44, 95% CI 1.21-16.24, P=.024) on multivariate analysis. The likelihood of hospital re-admission increased by fivefold in patients who developed a postoperative complication (OR 5.33, 95% CI 1.30-21.78, P=.02).ConclusionPreoperative sepsis was independently associated with 30-day mortality in patients undergoing ECRS, while the likelihood of hospital readmission increased in patients with postoperative complications. Expeditious control of sepsis in the emergency surgical setting by both surgical and medical interventions may reduce the likelihood of postoperative mortality. Establishing discharge protocols for postoperative ECRS patients is advocated.LimitationsRetrospective design, small sample size, and single setting.

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