• Xiao Hu, Yifeng Luo, Rongfeng Qi, Jiyuan Ge, Luoan Wu, Huanhuan Dai, Qingyue Lan, Bo Liu, Li Zhang, Qiang Xu, Feng Chen, Zhihong Cao, and Guangming Lu.
• Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, China.
• Neuroscience. 2024 Feb 6; 538: 404540-45.

AbstractThere is increasing evidence that major trauma can adversely affect the brain and cognition. In some cases, trauma may lead to deficits in executive function (EF). The anterior insula may be a causal outflow hub acting to coordinate EF-related brain networks. To clarify the neural underpinnings of EF deficits (EFD) after trauma, we performed a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) study of anterior insular subnetworks in adults who have lost their only child. A total of 167 participants completed various psychological and cognitive assessments to assess EF-related deficits. Correlations were computed between abnormal connectivity and cognitive/post-traumatic stress symptoms. The results showed abnormal anterior insular subregion connectivity in the default mode network (DMN), prefrontal lobe, and cerebellum lobe in participants with EFD. No correlation was found between abnormal connectivity and cognitive/post-traumatic stress symptoms in participants with EFD. These results suggest that excessive connections between the insula and DMN could contribute to EFD after trauma. Overall, this study provides novel references into the neural mechanisms of EF status after trauma exposure.Copyright © 2023 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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