• Chien-Liang Chen, Tai-Kuang Chao, Fu-Chiang Yeh, Ching-Lan Wu, and Ching-Hsun Wang.
• Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2024 Mar 8; 103 (10): e37344e37344.

RationalePseudomonas aeruginosa-induced septic arthritis is a relatively uncommon phenomenon. It has been documented in children with traumatic wounds, young adults with a history of intravenous drug use, and elderly patients with recent urinary tract infections or surgical procedures.Patient ConcernsFifty-nine year-old female had no reported risk factors. The patient sought medical attention due to a 6-month history of persistent pain and swelling in her right ankle.DiagnosesMagnetic resonance imaging and a 3-phase bone scan revealed findings suggestive of infectious arthritis with concurrent osteomyelitis. Histopathological examination of the synovium suggested chronic synovitis, and synovial tissue culture confirmed the presence of P aeruginosa.InterventionArthroscopic synovectomy and debridement, followed by 6 weeks of targeted antibiotic therapy for P aeruginosa.OutcomesFollowing treatment, the patient experienced successful recovery with no symptom recurrence, although she retained a mild limitation in the range of motion of her ankle.LessonsTo our knowledge, this is the first reported case of chronic arthritis and osteomyelitis caused by P aeruginosa in a patient without conventional risk factors. This serves as a crucial reminder for clinicians to consider rare causative organisms in patients with chronic arthritis. Targeted therapy is imperative for preventing further irreversible bone damage and long-term morbidity.Copyright © 2024 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

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