• Roberto Mora and Mervyn Maze.
• Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, 1001 Potrero Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA.
• Br. Med. Bull. 2024 Jun 10; 150 (1): 425942-59.

BackgroundDisparities in health care delivered to marginalized groups are unjust and result in poor health outcomes that increase the cost of care for everyone. These disparities are largely avoidable and health care providers, have been targeted with education and specialised training to address these disparities.Sources Of DataIn this manuscript we have sought out both peer-reviewed material on Pubmed, as well as policy statements on the potential role of cultural competency training (CCT) for providers in the surgical care setting. The goal of undertaking this work was to determine whether there is evidence that these endeavours are effective at reducing disparities.Areas Of AgreementThe unjustness of health care disparities is universally accepted.Areas Of ControversyWhether the outcome of CCT justifies the cost has not been effectively answered.Growing PointsThese include the structure/content of the CCT and whether the training should be delivered to teams in the surgical setting.Areas Timely For Developing ResearchBecause health outcomes are affected by many different inputs, should the effectiveness of CCT be improvement in health outcomes or should we use a proxy or a surrogate of health outcomes.© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

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