• Yuanyuan Hu and Tongfu Feng.
• Department of Graduate School, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2024 Mar 15; 103 (11): e37444e37444.

RationaleCellular uterine leiomyomas (CL) represent the prevailing subtype among uterine leiomyomas. In this study, we report a case of recurrent peritoneal disseminated uterine fibroids 2 years after single-port laparoscopic gasless myomectomy. This article endeavors to examine the potential limitations of the aforementioned surgical procedure and outline the distinguishing features of recurrent cases with primary postoperative pathology as CL. Additionally, it aims to provide a summary of previous retrospective studies on CL and propose the existence of immunohistochemical molecules that may serve as predictors for the postoperative recurrence of cellular uterine fibroids. The ultimate objective is to enhance clinicians' comprehension of the disease.Patient ConcernsTwo years ago, the patient underwent a single-port gasless laparoscopic myomectomy for uterine fibroids. Gynecological color Doppler ultrasound conducted 3 months ago revealed recurrence of uterine fibroids, and the patient experienced abdominal distension, mild urinary frequency, and constipation for the past month.DiagnosesAfter the second surgical procedure, a comprehensive pathological examination and immunohistochemical analysis of both the uterine mass and metastatic lesions revealed that the definitive diagnosis was CLs.InterventionsThe patient underwent the total hysterectomy, bilateral salpingectomy, pelvic adhesiolysis, omental mass resection, mesenteric mass resection, and pelvic peritoneal mass resection. All specimens were sent for rapid frozen examination and showed to be leiomyomas.OutcomesThe patient was discharged from the hospital on the 10th day after the operation. At the date of writing the article, the patient had no recurrence for 1 year and 5 months.LessonsThe single-port gasless approach did not achieve the desired reduction in fibroid recurrence, as anticipated by the surgeon. The act of pulling the tumor towards the abdominal incision for resection, on the contrary, may serve as an iatrogenic factor contributing to postoperative recurrence of CL into peritoneal dissemination leiomyomatosis. The single-port gasless assisted bag may be a more suitable option for myomectomy. The utmost effort should be made to prevent the potential recurrence of myoma caused by iatrogenic factors.Copyright © 2024 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

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