• Tianyuan Luo, Zhimin Deng, Qiyang Ren, Fangfang Mu, You Zhang, and Haiying Wang.
• Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563100, China; Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Zunyi 563100, China.
• J Clin Anesth. 2024 Aug 1; 95: 111447111447.

Study ObjectiveTo investigate whether a single dosage of esketamine injection in the anesthesia period could improve postoperative negative emotions and early cognitive function in patients undergoing non-cardiac thoracic surgery.DesignA prospective single center double blinded randomized placebo-controlled trial.SettingPerioperative period; operating room, post anesthesia care unit and hospital ward.Patients129 adult patients that underwent elective non-cardiac thoracic surgery under general anesthesia.InterventionsDuring the operation, pharmacologic prevention of postoperative negative emotion and early cognitive disorder with 0.2 mg/kg (Low esketamine group) and 0.5 mg/kg esketamine (High esketamine group) vs. placebo.MeasurementsEmotion and early cognitive performance were assessed on the day before surgery (POD-1), postoperative day 1 (POD1) and day 3 (POD3) using HADS-A, HADS-D, Pain Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Confusion Assessment Method (CAM), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and serum biomarkers (S100β, BDNF, IL-6, acetylcholine, and norepinephrine).Main ResultsThe high esketamine group showed significantly lower HADS-A and HADS-D scores than control group on POD1 and POD3. No significant differences were observed between the low esketamine group and the control group. The esketamine-treated groups showed lower pain VAS scores than the control group at 2 h and on the first day after operation. There were no significant differences among the three groups in CAM and MMSE scores. However, the high esketamine group had lower S100β and IL-6 levels, and higher BDNF levels postoperatively, while serum acetylcholine and norepinephrine were not significantly different.ConclusionsA single intraoperative injection of 0.5 mg/kg esketamine can alleviate postoperative anxiety, depression, and pain to some extent. Although cognitive function behavioral evaluation did not show obvious benefits, it can also reduce the production of pro-inflammatory and brain injury-related factors while promoting the generation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Registration Trial registry: http://www.chictr.org.cn/; Identifier: ChiCTR2100047067.Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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