• Jiping Chen, Tianwen Xu, Jianfan Zhou, Bing Han, Qingxu Wu, Wei Jin, and Xianliang Zhang.
• School of Physical Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
• World Neurosurg. 2024 Jun 1; 186: 184196.e9184-196.e9.

ObjectiveThe current study aimed to assess and rank the comparative efficacy of different nonoperative treatments on Cobb angle, angle of trunk rotation, and quality of life for mild-to-moderate adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.MethodsA comprehensive search of databases, including Medline, The Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science spanning all previous years up to January 1, 2024. The included studies were evaluated for literature quality according to Cochrane Handbook criteria, and a network meta-analysis was performed using STATA 14.0 statistical software.ResultsTwenty randomized controlled trials met all inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Schroth exercise and scoliosis-specific exercise combined with brace treatments had a significant positive effect on Cobb angle and quality of life. For angle of trunk rotation, Schroth exercise and Schroth exercise combined with brace treatments prove more effective compared to the control group. On surface-under-the-cumulative-ranking-curve analysis, Schroth exercise combined with brace treatment had the highest likelihood for reducing Cobb angle (P-score = 0.899), angle of trunk rotation (0.82), and improving quality of life (0.828).ConclusionsAlthough most conservative treatments had benefits for mild-to-moderate adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, the most optimal programs were those that included (1) at least 10 weeks of approximately 60-minute Schroth exercise sessions twice a week and (2) wearing the brace for 23 hours every day throughout the treatment period.Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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