• Rongxin Sun, Xiaojie Zhang, Xiaolong Zang, and Zhiyong Li.
• Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Stomatology Hospital, Hangzhou, China.
• J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2024 Jun 1; 34 (6): 672676672-676.

ObjectiveTo explore the preventive efficacy of antibiotics following surgical removal of the impacted mandibular third molars and screen the potential risk factors.Study DesignA cohort trial. Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Stomatology Hospital, Hangzhou, China, from August 2021 to 2022.MethodologyCases with impacted mandibular third molar were divided into two groups based on antibiotics use. The primary outcome variable post-operative infection, secondary clinical parameter analgesics intake, and other variables (the operative time, the history of pericoronitis, and wound closure) were documented.ResultsThe post-operative infections occurred in 3.64% (n = 12) of the 330 cases (n = 330); 3.01% in the antibiotic group (n = 166) and 4.27% in the control group (n = 164, OR = 1.44, 95% CI: 0.49 to 4.06; p = 0.54). Concerning secondary outcome measures, the analgesics that the antibiotic group took was 5.40, and the control group took was 5.95 (95% CI = -0.21 to 1.30; p = 0.16). For those with post-operative infections, the average operative time was 22.83 minutes, whereas for those without post-operative infections it was 14.87 minutes (95% CI = -0.26 to 15.67; p = 0.04). When the operative time was greater than or equal to 15 minutes, it was related to more analgesics use (95% CI: -0.43 to 1.93; p <0.05), also was the history of pericoronitis (95% CI = 0.04 to 1.54; p = 0.04).ConclusionAntibiotics are unnecessary for preventing post-operative infections or minimising analgesic requirements following extraction of the impacted mandibular third molars; operative time and pericoronitis showed a suppressive influence on post-operative recovery.Key WordsImpacted molars, Antibiotics, Analgesics, Operative time, Pericoronitis.

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