• Ann Acad Med Singap · May 2024

    Prevalence and risk factors of depression and anxiety in primary care.

    • Yu Cong Eugene Chua, Yijun Carol Lin, Jeremy Kaiwei Lew, Sabrina Kay Wye Wong, SoonWinnie Shok WenWSWClinical Services, National Healthcare Group Polyclinics, Singapore., Jinhui Wan, Edimansyah Abdin, Mythily Subramaniam, Wern Ee Tang, and Eng Sing Lee.
    • Hougang Polyclinic, National Healthcare Group Polyclinics, Singapore.
    • Ann Acad Med Singap. 2024 May 10; 53 (5): 293305293-305.

    IntroductionAnxiety and depressive disorders are highly prevalent mental health conditions worldwide. However, little is known about their specific prevalence in primary care settings. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of depression and anxiety in the primary care population and identify associated patient characteristics.MethodWe conducted a cross-sectional study using stratified sampling by age with a self-administered questionnaire survey in Singapore's National Health-care Group Polyclinics from December 2021 to April 2022. A total score of Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) ≥10 represents clinical depression, and a total score of Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) ≥10 indicates clinical anxiety. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify the factors associated with depression and anxiety.ResultsA total of 5694 patients were approached and 3505 consented to the study (response rate=61.6%). There was a higher prevalence of coexisting clinical depression and anxiety (DA) (prevalence=5.4%) compared to clinical depression only (3.3%) and clinical anxiety only (1.9%). The odds of having DA were higher among those aged 21-39 years (odds ratio [OR] 13.49; 95% confidence interval [CI] 5.41-33.64) and 40-64 years (OR 2.28; 95% CI 1.03-5.03) compared to those ≥65 years. Women had higher odds of having DA (OR 2.33; 95% CI 1.54-3.50) compared to men. Respondents with diabetes had higher odds of having DA (OR 1.78; 95% CI 1.07-2.94) compared to those without diabetes.ConclusionCoexisting clinical depression and anxiety are significantly present in the primary care setting, especially among younger individuals, patients with diabetes and women. Mental health screening programmes should include screening for both depression and anxiety, and target these at-risk groups.

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