• Tong Liu, Chang Wang, Yu Fu, Yan-Ping Yang, and Ye-Hui Tan.
• Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2024 Jul 19; 103 (29): e38985e38985.

RationalePatients with relapsed and refractory Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ ALL) with the T315I mutation are at higher risk of relapse and have shorter overall survival.Patient ConcernsA 31-year-old man presented to the hematology department with intermittent fever and pancytopenia. He was diagnosed with Ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia and experienced 2 relapses during treatment. A drug-resistant T315I mutation was detected in the ABL kinase region during review.DiagnosesMorphological examination of the bone marrow revealed approximately 93.5% lymphoid blast. Flow cytometric analysis confirmed the diagnosis of common B-cell ALL with the following phenotype: CD34, CD45dim, CD19, CD10, cCD79a, CD58dim, CD81dim, cTdT, HLA-DR, CD22dim, CXCR4, CD33dim, CD20, CD25, CD13, CD123. The examination of the ABL kinase region mutation suggested a T315I mutation.InterventionsOlverembatinib, a third-generation TKI drug, was administered in combination with inotuzumab ozogamicin to treat the disease.OutcomesThe patient achieved morphological remission with a negative flow cytometry MRD test, and the quantification of BCR-ABL transcripts was 0% after 1 cycle of therapy.LessonsThe third-generation TKI olverembatinib has been proven to be effective in CML patients with the T315I mutation, and it may also be effective in Ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Some new immune drugs have also shown improvement in the remission rate. Combination therapy with olverembatinib and Ino can achieve a complete molecular response in patients with relapsed and refractory Ph+ ALL with the T315I mutation.Copyright © 2024 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

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