• Ya-Chu Wu, Wang-Chun Ho, Sheng-Po Kao, and Dah-Ching Ding.
• Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2024 Jul 19; 103 (29): e39017e39017.

RationaleBacterascites are a rare complication of cesarean sections (C/S). Here, we report the case of a patient with bacterascites after an emergent C/S.Patient ConcernA 41-year-old female reported diffuse abdominal tightness and pain for a week after C/S, who received C/S at 38 4/7 weeks due to superimposed preeclampsia and prolonged labor.DiagnosesBacterascites caused by Salmonella species after C/S was diagnosed.InterventionsInitial treatment included cefmetazole and metronidazole. On day 2, paracentesis was performed, followed by albumin and hydroxyethyl starch administration. By day 3, the patient developed pulmonary edema, necessitating Lasix administration. On day 6, ascites culture revealed Salmonella species resistant to third-generation cephalosporins, leading to meropenem therapy adjustment. This resulted in improved symptoms. Meropenem was continued for 14 days to complete the treatment regimen.OutcomesFollow-up ultrasonography revealed a decrease in ascites. As the patient clinical condition improved, she was discharged on day 20 and scheduled for outpatient department follow-up. No recurrence of ascites was observed during the subsequent follow-up period of 3 months. No ascites were noted 8 days after discharge.LessonsPostoperative bacterascites with Salmonella were diagnosed. Antibiotic treatment and therapeutic paracentesis were effective for this condition.Copyright © 2024 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

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