• Abdulrahman Almjersah, Habib Olaisheh, Rabab Salloum, Zuheir Alshehabi, and Emad Almjersah.
• Faculty of Medicine, Cancer Research Center, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2024 Jul 26; 103 (30): e39042e39042.

RationaleDesmoid-type fibromatosis (DTF), also known as aggressive fibromatosis, is a rare neoplasm originating from the fascial or musculoaponeurotic tissues. While benign and characterized by slow growth, it exhibits local aggressiveness and lacks specific clinical characteristics. However, in a considerable percentage of patients, it could be asymptomatic and discovered by accident during routine clinical examinations. Only a few cases of DTF arising from the psoas major muscle have been reported in the medical literature.Patient ConcernsA 24-year-old male, asymptomatic and without significant personal or family medical history, was diagnosed with grade 2 hydronephrosis by abdominal ultrasonography during a routine physical examination. This diagnosis was made 15 days after undergoing uncomplicated open-heart surgery to repair an atrial septal defect.DiagnosisIntravenous pyelogram revealed hydronephrosis with dilation of the pelvicalyceal system. Ureteroscopy ruled out any intrinsic lesions of the ureter. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography identified a 3.5 × 2 × 5.2 cm mass in the retroperitoneum, closely associated with the psoas muscle and enveloping the ureter adjacent to the iliac artery. Postoperative pathological analysis confirmed a definitive diagnosis of sporadic DTF.InterventionsThe patient underwent exploratory abdominal surgery, during which the tumor was resected without any intraoperative complications.ResultsAfter close monitoring over a 5-year follow-up period, which included periodic physical examinations, magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasonography, no local recurrence was detected.LessonsAchieving an accurate preoperative diagnosis presents a challenge in cases involving retroperitoneal tumors originating from the psoas major muscle and encasing the ureter. However, the insertion of a double J stent is deemed a crucial step in the surgical process, facilitating the dissection and isolation of the ureter from the tumor while preserving kidney function.Copyright © 2024 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

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