• Ayman M Abulhamael, Muhammad Qasim Javed, Sobia Hassan, Sundus Atique, and Syed Rashid Habib.
• Ayman M. Abulhamael Assistant Professor, Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
• Pak J Med Sci. 2024 Aug 1; 40 (7): 137213771372-1377.

ObjectiveOne key factor in determining endodontic treatment outcome is the clinicians' comprehension of tooth anatomy, as missed canals may harbor bacteria ultimately leading to apical periodontitis. The study aimed to investigate the prevalence of middle mesial canal (MMC) in Mandibular first molars (MFMs) of Saudi subpopulation.MethodsThe cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted at Qassim University Dental College from June to August 2023. Overall, 302 CBCT images with 604 bilateral lower first molars were examined by two calibrated assessors. The existence of MMC was noted. The data were coded, and analysis was done in SPPS-24. The reliability of inter-evaluator and intra-evaluator agreement for detecting MMC were estimated using Cohen's kappa.ResultsThe patients' average age was 30.95±11.61years. The sample's female to male ratio was 1:1.75. The overall frequency of MMC was 14.2%. The differences in the frequency of MMC on the basis of gender, quadrants and age groups were found to be insignificant. Inter-evaluator and intra-evaluator reliability was noted to be 0.78 and 0.74, depicting acceptable reliability.ConclusionsThe MMC is an uncommon occurrence with rare bilateral presentation in MFMs of Saudi population. Endodontists performing endodontic treatment in such subjects should mindfully investigate inter mesiobuccal- mesiolingual canals area for locating, negotiating, and managing any present MMC's.Copyright: © Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences.

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