• Zhengkun Yang, Huiming Liu, Jiana Zhang, Yuhan Luo, Ai Weng, Yue Zhang, Linchang Zhong, Zilin Ou, Zhicong Yan, Weixi Zhang, Kangqiang Peng, Jinping Xu, and Gang Liu.
• Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou 510080, China.
• Neuroscience. 2024 Oct 18; 558: 505750-57.

AbstractPsychiatric disturbances are commonly associated with adult-onset isolated dystonia (AOID); however, the mechanisms underlying psychiatric abnormalities in AOID remain unknown. We aimed to investigate the structural and functional brain changes in AOID patients with anxiety, and identify imaging biomarkers for diagnosing anxiety. Structural and functional magnetic resonance was performed on 69 AOID patients and 35 healthy controls (HCs). The Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) was used to assess anxiety symptoms in AOID patients and assign patients to AOID with and without anxiety groups. Group differences in grey matter volume, amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF), fractional ALFF, and regional homogeneity (ReHo) were evaluated. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC AUC) was used as a metric to identify imaging biomarkers for diagnosing anxiety. AOID patients with anxiety exhibited an increased ALFF and ReHo in the left angular gyrus (ANG.L) compared with those without and HCs (voxel P<0.001 and cluster P<0.05, corrected using GRF). A significant positive correlation was observed between ALFF (r = 0.627, P<0.001) and ReHo (r = 0.515, P<0.001) in the ANG.L and HAMA scores in AOID patients. ALFF and ReHo in the ANG.L exhibited an ROC AUC of 0.904 and 0.851, respectively, in distinguishing AOID patients with anxiety from those without and an ROC AUC of 0.887 and 0.853, respectively, in distinguishing AOID patients with anxiety from HCs. These findings provide new insights into the pathophysiology of psychiatric disturbances and highlight potential candidate biomarkers for identifying anxiety in AOID patients.Copyright © 2024 International Brain Research Organization (IBRO). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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