• Audrey De Jong, Mathieu Capdevila, Yassir Aarab, Matthieu Cros, Joris Pensier, Ines Lakbar, Clément Monet, Hervé Quintard, Raphael Cinotti, Karim Asehnoune, Jean-Michel Arnal, Christophe Guitton, Catherine Paugam-Burtz, Paer Abback, Armand Mekontso-Dessap, Karim Lakhal, Sigismond Lasocki, Gaetan Plantefeve, Bernard Claud, Julien Pottecher, Philippe Corne, Carole Ichai, Nicolas Molinari, Gerald Chanques, Laurent Papazian, Elie Azoulay, Samir Jaber, and Free-Réa Study Group.
• Anesthesia and Critical Care Department B, Saint Eloi Teaching Hospital, PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
• Chest. 2024 Sep 7.

BackgroundTo our knowledge, no large observational study has compared the incidence and risk factors for extubation failure within 48 h and during ICU stay in the same cohort of unselected critically ill patients with and without obesity.Research QuestionWhich are the incidence and risk factors of extubation failure in patients with and without obesity?Study Design And MethodsIn this prospective multicenter observational FREE-REA study in 26 ICUs, the primary objective was to compare the incidence of extubation failure within 48 h in patients with and without obesity. Secondary objectives were to describe and to identify the independent specific risk factors for extubation failure, using first a logistic regression model and second a decision tree analysis.ResultsOf 1,370 extubation procedures analyzed, 288 (21%) were performed in patients with obesity and 1,082 (79%) in patients without obesity. The incidence of extubation failure within 48 h among patients with or without obesity was 23 of 288 (8.0%) vs 118 of 1,082 (11%), respectively (unadjusted OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.45-1.13; P = .15); alongside patients with obesity receiving significantly more noninvasive ventilation [87 of 288 (30%) vs 233 of 1,082 (22%); P = .002] and physiotherapy [165 of 288 (57%) vs 527 of 1,082 (49%); P = .02] than patients without obesity. Risk factors for extubation failure also differed according to obesity status: female sex (adjusted OR, 4.88; 95% CI, 1.61-13.9; P = .002) and agitation before extubation (adjusted OR, 6.39; 95% CI, 1.91-19.8; P = .001) in patients with obesity, and absence of strong cough before extubation (adjusted OR, 2.38; 95% CI, 1.53-3.84; P = .0002) and duration of invasive mechanical ventilation before extubation (adjusted OR, 1.03/d; 95% CI, 1.01-1.06; P = .01) in patients without obesity. The decision tree analysis found similar risk factors.InterpretationOur findings indicate that anticipation and application of preventive measures for patients with obesity before and after extubation led to similar rate of extubation failure among patients with and without obesity.Clinical Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov; No.: NCT02450669; URL: www.Clinicaltrialsgov.Copyright © 2024 American College of Chest Physicians. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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