• Joon Yeon Hwang, Youngtaek Kim, Kwangmin Na, Dong Kwon Kim, Seul Lee, Seong-San Kang, Sujeong Baek, Seung Min Yang, Mi Hyun Kim, Heekyung Han, Seong Su Jeong, Chai Young Lee, Yu Jin Han, Jie-Ohn Sohn, Sang-Kyu Ye, and Kyoung-Ho Pyo.
• Department of Research Support, Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
• Yonsei Med. J. 2024 Sep 1; 65 (9): 544555544-555.

PurposeBy utilizing both protein and mRNA expression patterns, we can identify more detailed and diverse immune cells, providing insights into understanding the complex immune landscape in cancer ecosystems.Materials And MethodsThis study was performed by obtaining publicly available Cellular Indexing of Transcriptomes and Epitopes by Sequencing (CITE-seq) data of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. A total of 94674 total cells were analyzed, of which 32412 were T cells. There were 228 protein features and 16262 mRNA features in the data. The Seurat package was used for quality control and preprocessing, principal component analysis was performed, and Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection was used to visualize the clusters. Protein and mRNA levels in the CITE-seq were analyzed.ResultsWe observed that a subset of T cells in the clusters generated at the protein level divided better. By identifying mRNA markers that were highly correlated with the CD4 and CD8 proteins and cross-validating CD26 and CD99 markers using flow cytometry, we found that CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were better discriminated in PBMCs. Weighted Nearest Neighbor clustering results identified a previously unobserved T cell subset.ConclusionIn this study, we used CITE-seq data to confirm that protein expression patterns could be used to identify cells more precisely. These findings will improve our understanding of the heterogeneity of immune cells in the future and provide valuable insights into the complexity of the immune response in health and disease.© Copyright: Yonsei University College of Medicine 2024.

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