• Helena J Teede, Aya Mousa, Chau T Tay, Michael F Costello, Leah Brennan, Robert J Norman, Alexia S Pena, Jacqueline A Boyle, Anju Joham, Lorna Berry, and Lisa Moran.
• Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC.
• Med. J. Aust. 2024 Oct 7; 221 (7): 389395389-395.

IntroductionThe Australian-led 2023 International evidence-based guideline for the assessment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome was based on best available evidence, clinical expertise and consumer preference. It followed best practice, involved extensive evidence synthesis and applied relevant frameworks across evidence quality, feasibility, acceptability, cost and implementation. Thirty-nine societies and organisations covering 71 countries were engaged. The evidence in the assessment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has generally improved in the past five years, but remains of low to moderate quality. The technical evidence report, 52 systematic reviews and analyses (approximately 6000 pages) underpin 77 evidence-based and 54 consensus recommendations, with 123 practice points.Main RecommendationsChanges include: refinement of individual diagnostic criteria, a simplified diagnostic algorithm and inclusion of anti-Müllerian hormone levels as an alternative to ultrasound in adults only, and differentiation of adolescent and adult criteria; strengthening the recognition of broad features of PCOS including metabolic effects, cardiovascular disease, dermatological symptoms, sleep apnoea, a high prevalence of psychological features and a high risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes; emphasising the poorly recognised, diverse burden of disease, the vital need for greater health professional education, evidence-based patient information, improved models of care, shared decision making and research efforts to improve patient experience; maintained emphasis on healthy lifestyle, emotional wellbeing and quality of life, with awareness and consideration of weight stigma; and emphasising evidence-based medical therapy and cheaper and safer fertility management.Changes In Management As A Result Of This GuidelineThe 2023 guideline is approved by the National Health and Medical Research Council and provides clinicians and patients with clear advice on best practice in a common and neglected condition, based on the best available evidence, expert multidisciplinary input and consumer preferences. It provides vital, extensive patient and provider resources to enhance evidence-based care. The full guideline is available at www.monash.edu/medicine/mchri/pcos/guideline.© 2024 The Author(s). Medical Journal of Australia published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of AMPCo Pty Ltd.

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