• Chao Li, Pan Lv, Liu Yanyan, Maohui Yin, and Hao Li.
• Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Medicine Center, Weifang Peoples Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, P.R. China.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2024 Oct 25; 103 (43): e40178e40178.

RationaleGallbladder neuroendocrine carcinoma (GNEC) is indeed a relatively rare malignant tumor of the gallbladder with neuroendocrine differentiation and the ability to produce and secrete a number of neurotransmitters and hormones, characteristics that make its clinical presentation and biological behavior likely to be different from those of other types of gallbladder cancer. Current treatment mostly relies on surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy.Patient ConcernsWe report a 53-year-old middle-aged male patient who underwent radical surgery for gallbladder malignancy after a diagnosis of neuroendocrine carcinoma of the gallbladder.DiagnosesDiagnosis of neuroendocrine carcinoma of the gallbladder based on the return of pathologic findings.InterventionAfter local progression of postoperative chemotherapy with the first-line regimen of etoposide + cisplatin, an immune checkpoint inhibitor (traplizumab) + FOLIFIRI (fluorouracil + calcium folinate + irinotecan) regimen was used.OutcomesThe patient achieved 20 months of clinical survival and ultimately died of myelosuppression.LessonsThe use of immune checkpoint inhibitors may become an effective tool in the treatment of neuroendocrine carcinoma of the gallbladder.Copyright © 2024 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

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