• Yu-Tong Zhang, Yang Han, Hui-Jia Zhuang, Ai-Min Feng, Liang Jin, Xue-Fei Li, Hong Yu, and Hai Yu.
• Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
• J Clin Anesth. 2024 Dec 1; 99: 111676111676.

Study ObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to determine the effect of 30 % fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO2) compared with 80 % FIO2 in the context of driving pressure-guided ventilation strategy on pulmonary complications following open abdominal surgery.DesignA single-center, prospective, randomized controlled trial.SettingTertiary university hospital in China.Patients514 adult patients, ASA I-III and scheduled for major open abdominal surgery under general anesthesia.InterventionsPatients were randomly assigned to receive either 30 % or 80 % FIO2 during the intraoperative period. All patients received driving pressure-guided ventilation strategy, including low tidal volume and individualized PEEP set at lowest driving pressure.MeasurementsThe primary outcome was the incidence of a composite of pulmonary complications within the 7 days postoperatively. The severity of pulmonary complications, extrapulmonary complications, and other secondary outcomes were also assessed.Main ResultsOf 1553 patients assessed for eligibility, 514 patients were randomly assigned and analyzed with intention-to-treat principle. Patients receiving 30 % FIO2 had a significantly lower incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) compared to those receiving 80 % FIO2 (46.3 %vs. 64.6 %; RR, 0.72; 95 % CI, 0.61-0.84; P < 0.001). The severity score of PPCs was significantly reduced in the 30 % FIO2 group compared with that in the 80 % FIO2 group within the 7 postoperative days (P < 0.001). Dynamic compliance was significantly greater in 30 % FIO2 group at the end of surgery (56 [48-66] vs. 53 [46-62], P = 0.027). More patients in the 80 % FIO2 group developed oxygen desaturation (SpO2 < 94 %) on air intake during PACU stay (18.5 %vs. 30.4 %; RR, 0.61; 95 % CI, 0.44-0.84; P = 0.002; 30 % FIO2 group vs.80 % FIO2 group).ConclusionsIn patients undergoing open abdominal surgery, using a 30 % FIO2, compared with 80 % FIO2, in context of driving pressure-guided ventilation strategy, intraoperatively reduced the incidence and severity of pulmonary complications within the first 7 postoperative days.Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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