• Wenjun Hao, Xiajie Huang, Rongyuan Liang, Chaoquan Yang, Zhiling Huang, Yeping Chen, William W Lu, and Yan Chen.
• Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
• Nutrition. 2024 Nov 5; 131: 112628112628.

ObjectivesNutrition is closely related to the occurrence of sarcopenia. Evidence shows that sarcopenia has a serious impact on population health and the social economy. Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) is a useful prognostic predictor for several chronic diseases. Our original intention was to investigate whether GNRI correlates with sarcopenia.MethodsWe included 4,709 adults aged 45 years and older from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2009 to 2018 in this cross-sectional study. According to the level of GNRI, they were categorized into High-GNRI and Low-GNRI groups, while sarcopenia was assessed using skeletal muscle index. Multivariate logistic regression was employed to investigate the independent relevance between the GNRI and the prevalence of sarcopenia. We examined the linear or nonlinear relevance between GNRI and sarcopenia using the Restricted Cubic Spline (RCS) curve, and the threshold effect was analyzed. We explored whether some specific populations are more susceptible to GNRI affecting the occurrence of sarcopenia through subgroup analysis.ResultsThe incidence of sarcopenia was substantially reduced in the High-GNRI group (17.7% vs. 13.2%; p = 0.013). We found that GNRI is an essential predictor of sarcopenia (OR: 0.57; 95%CI: 0.41-0.79; p = 0.001). The occurrence of sarcopenia was reduced by increasing GNRI. Subgroup analysis showed that some specific populations were more susceptible to GNRI, which reduced the incidence of sarcopenia in individuals. These populations included high school graduates and above (p = 0.006), non-Hispanic white (p = 0.045), married or living with a partner (p = 0.03), and non-diabetic (p = 0.021). The RCS curve showed a non-linear inverse relevance between GNRI and sarcopenia (non-linear p = 0.033), with a threshold identified at GNRI = 91.935.ConclusionsGNRI is a reliable predictor of sarcopenia in Americans aged 45 and older, with a nonlinear inverse relationship identified at a threshold GNRI of 91.935.Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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