• Cong Hu, Shuxiong Nong, Aihua Liu, Weiling Huang, Yin Qi, Ying Wang, Yingfang Ye, Yuancheng Jiang, Yixin Chen, Qi Zhang, and Meng Wu.
• Department of Ultrasound, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2024 Dec 6; 103 (49): e40748e40748.

RationaleLiposarcoma is a malignant tumor of adipocytic differentiation that rarely arises within the mediastinum. Most of the existing data available comes from scattered case reports and a few small series.Patient ConcernsA 51-year-old man was admitted with cough and sputum accompanied by fever. X-ray and CT showed a bulky anterior mediastinal mass that was initially misdiagnosed as a teratoma. PET/CT demonstrated a lesion on that location showing a small area of moderately intense uptake. After surgical excision, histopathological examination via hematoxylin and eosin first revealed the diagnosis of malignant undifferentiated tumors. The results of immunohistochemical evaluations were as follows: P63 (scattered +), VIMENTIN (giant cell +), CD68 (KPI; giant cell +), SMA (-), and Ki-67 (Li: 50%). Molecular pathology: MDM2 gene status (+) with amplification.DiagnosesThe final histopathological diagnosis was dedifferentiated liposarcoma with osteosarcomatous differentiation.InterventionsThe patient underwent left mediastinal tumor resection, left upper lobe wedge resection and postoperative chemotherapy.OutcomesMediastinal recurrences and chest wall metastases occurred quickly before the second round of chemotherapy 2 months later. Four months after surgery, the patient died.LessonsThis paper presents a case of dedifferentiated liposarcoma with osteosarcomatous differentiation in a rare location: the mediastinum. Correct diagnosis is of importance for appropriate choice of therapy. Clinicians should be aware of the presence of a dedifferentiated liposarcoma within a mass on the mediastinum and enhancing treatment and management strategies for affected patients.Copyright © 2024 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

23 keywords...

hide…