• Rajendran Peramaiyan, Josephine Anthony, Sureka Varalakshmi, Ashok Kumar Sekar, Enas M Ali, Al Hashedi Sallah A, and Basem M Abdallah.
• Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
• Int J Med Sci. 2025 Jan 1; 22 (2): 240251240-251.

AbstractThe outbreak of COVID-19 has opened up new avenues for exploring the importance of vitamin D in immunity, in addition to its role in calcium absorption. Recently, vitamin D supplementation has been found to enhance T regulatory lymphocytes, which are reduced in individuals with COVID-19. Increased risk of pneumonia and increases in inflammatory cytokines have been reported to be major threats associated with vitamin-D deficiency. Although vaccination reduces the threat of COVID-19 to a certain extent, herd immunity is the long-term solution to overcoming such diseases. Co-administration of vitamin D with certain inactivated vaccines has been reported to enhance the systemic immune response through stimulation of the production of antigen-specific mucosal immunity. COVID-19 was found to induce multiple organ damage, and vitamin D has a beneficial role in various organs, such as the intestines, pancreas, prostate, kidneys, liver, heart, brain, and immune cells. The consequences that occur after COVID-19 infection known as long COVID-19 are also a concern as they accumulate and target multiple organs, leading to immune dysregulation. The present review covers the overall role and impact of vitamin D and its deficiency for various organs in normal conditions and after COVID-19 infection, which is still a serious issue.© The author(s).

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