• Postgrad Med J · Jan 2025

    Association between diabetes mellitus and fetal and maternal outcomes during and after pregnancy-a nationwide study.

    • Binita Neupane, Sunita Karki, Monica Sharma, and Umer Farooq.
    • Rochester General Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, 1425 Portland Ave, Rochester, NY, 14621, United States.
    • Postgrad Med J. 2025 Jan 6.

    IntroductionDiabetes Mellitus (DM) affects both the mother and fetus during and after pregnancy. Multiple studies have shown the prognostic impact of DM on maternal and fetal outcomes, but studies at the national level are limited. Therefore, we aimed to conduct this nationwide study.Materials And MethodsThis retrospective study used a Nationwide Inpatient Sample 2020 (NIS) using International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) codes for adult pregnant patients. STATA version MP14.2 was used mainly for analysis. We used Fischer's exact test to compare proportions, the student's t-test to compare continuous variables, and multivariate regression analysis to calculate the adjusted odds ratio.ResultsThe total number of pregnant patients included in the study was 3 436 671; 36 350 (1.05%) had DM. Patients with DM had longer hospital lengths of stay than non-diabetic patients (3.93 days vs. 2.5 days, P < .01). Other significant outcomes were higher cost of hospital stay ($37 079 vs. $23 371, P < .01), preeclampsia (7.17% vs. 2.02%, P < .01), intrauterine fetal death (0.63% vs. 0.13%, P < .01), stillbirth (2.89% vs. 0.75%, P < .01), gestational hypertension (7.07% vs. 3.07%, P < .01) and preterm labor (5.8% vs. 1.94%, P < .01). There were no differences in the two groups regarding pre-existing hypertension, abortion, large for gestational age, eclampsia, placenta previa, abruptio placenta, postpartum anemia, prolonged labor, intrapartum, and postpartum hemorrhage. We conducted a trend analysis from 2016 to 2020 for mortality, length of stay, total charges, and significant maternal and fetal outcomes.ConclusionDM is associated with greater maternal and fetal adverse outcomes, resource utilization, and length of stay.© The Author(s) 2025. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Postgraduate Medical Journal. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

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