• Sandra L Pedraza, Stacey Culp, Evan C Falkenstine, and Alvin H Moss.
• Department of Medicine, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA. Electronic address: sapedraza@hsc.wvu.edu.
• J Pain Symptom Manage. 2016 Feb 1; 51 (2): 240-6.

ContextPatients' end-of-life care outcomes often do not reflect their preferences. Ninety-two percent of West Virginians prefer to die outside the hospital, yet only 58.8% do.ObjectivesTo compare out-of-hospital death (OHD) between those with completed advance directive (AD) and Physician Orders for Scope of Treatment (POST) forms.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of 2027 West Virginians who submitted AD and/or POST forms to the West Virginia e-Directive Registry and died between October 1, 2010 and December 31, 2013. A multivariable logistic regression model examined the relationship between OHD by form type while adjusting for age and enrollment in hospice.ResultsPatients who completed an AD were significantly less likely to have an OHD (56.9%) than those who completed a POST form with comfort measures orders or a POST form with limited/full intervention orders (88.4% and 75.9%, respectively, P < 0.001). The odds of OHD were significantly higher for patients with POST forms with comfort measures orders than for those with ADs (OR 4.239, P < 0.001).ConclusionA prospective study is needed to validate that a statewide POST program and registry provide a more effective way than ADs to express, document, and honor patients' preferences for an OHD.Copyright © 2016 American Academy of Hospice and Palliative Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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