• Zhi-Hang Tang, Qi Chen, Wei Huang, Jia-Nan Wang, Xiao-Hua Zou, Yang Xiao, Xiao-Tong Shi, Hai-Hong Deng, Jing-Jing Li, Lun Wu, Wen-Zhi Liu, Si-Guang Hu, Zheng-Yang Zhou, Heng-Ning Qi, Guo-Hui Luan, Wei Luo, Yong Wang, and Wu-Hua Ma.
• Department of Anaesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Clinical Research Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
• J Clin Anesth. 2025 Jan 29; 102: 111766111766.

Study ObjectiveDifficult airway management is a significant challenge in clinical anesthesia, critical care, and emergency medicine. Inadequate management can lead to severe complications including organ damage and death. This study assessed the variability in difficult airway management across China and focused on how patient and operator factors influenced outcomes in operating rooms.DesignA multicenter observational cross-sectional study.SettingThis study was conducted from November 2022 to November 2023 and included 25 secondary and tertiary hospitals across various regions in China.PatientsIn the total of 181,399 general anesthesia patients, 384 (0.21 %) were identified as having difficult airways.InterventionsData were gathered from a specialized questionnaire comprising four sections with 27 questions and analyzed using logistic regression in SPSS to identify key factors that influenced effective management of difficult airways.MeasurementsThis study focused on preoperative assessment, anesthesia selection, intubation attempts, and contingency planning for difficult airway management practices among anesthesiologists.Main ResultsIn anticipated difficult airways, rapid sequence induction was used in 51.7 % of the cases, maintaining spontaneous breathing under general anesthesia in 11.1 %, and awake intubation in 36 %. For unanticipated difficult airways, 95.9 % of the anesthesiologists opted for rapid sequence induction. Limited mouth opening was the most common cause of difficult airways and obesity and ankylosing spondylitis were identified as significant factors. The logistic regression analysis identified the type of difficult airway, anesthesiologist experience, and assessment methods as key factors influencing the first attempt intubation success.ConclusionsThe accuracy of difficult airway assessment and first attempt intubation success is influenced by both patient-related factors and the anesthesiologist's expertise. Regional and institutional variability in decision-making and tool selection underscores the critical need for standardized guidelines and comprehensive training to enhance airway management outcomes across diverse clinical settings in China.Copyright © 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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