• Felicity Collis, Kade Booth, Jamie Bryant, and Michelle Kennedy.
• University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW.
• Med. J. Aust. 2025 Feb 3; 222 Suppl 2: S42S48S42-S48.

ObjectivesTo examine what ethics approvals are being sought for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health and medical research, and to determine what proportion of this research upholds Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander ethical governance via an Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander community-controlled human research ethics committee (AHREC) by jurisdiction and funding body type.Study DesignScoping review of all original, peer-reviewed health and medical literature published over a 5-year period (January 2018 to December 2022).Data SourcesExtending on a previous review, the search tool LIt.search was used to access all literature relating to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health and medical research.Results589 eligible publications were included from the parent review, and a further 1703 publications were identified from the updated search. A total of 945 publications were included. A substantial number of ethics approvals were obtained from government-based ethics committees (394, 41.7%). More than half of the publications reported obtaining institutional ethics approval (514, 54.4%). Less than half (400, 42.3%) reported obtaining AHREC approval. Almost one-third of publications were on research that was conducted in states or territories where there is no AHREC (334, 35.3%). Publications did not always report obtaining AHREC approvals, including in jurisdictions where one operates.ConclusionsWe found a concerning lack of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander ethical governance reported in health and medical research. Acknowledging that Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander ethics guidelines and AHRECs were established due to harm caused to communities, these results suggest a high risk, with research not consistently being deemed safe, respectful and beneficial with appropriate AHREC ethics review and approval. We join calls for the establishment of AHRECs in all jurisdictions and nationally. Furthermore, we urge funding bodies and institutions to uphold requirements for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander ethical governance in research and funding agreements, as well as institutional policies and procedures.© 2025 AMPCo Pty Ltd.

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