• Elisabeth N Leibetseder, Martina Mosing, and Ronald S Jones.
• Clinic of Surgery and Ophthalmology, GE (Gemeinsame Einrichtung) of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria. lisa@leibetseder.org
• Vet Anaesth Analg. 2006 Mar 1;33(2):128-36.

ObjectiveTo compare the effects of intravenous (IV) and extradural (ED) methadone on end-tidal isoflurane concentration (Fe'ISO) and postoperative analgesic requirements in dogs undergoing femoro-tibial joint surgery.Study DesignRandomized, blinded, clinical study. Animals Twenty-four healthy client-owned dogs undergoing surgical repair of ruptured cruciate ligaments.MethodsDogs were randomly assigned to two groups of 12 animals and received either ED or IV methadone (0.3 mg kg(-1) diluted with saline to 0.2 mL kg(-1)). Pre-anaesthetic medication was IV acepromazine (0.05 mg kg(-1)). Anaesthesia was induced with propofol and maintained initially with an Fe'ISO of 1.0% delivered in oxygen. Methadone was injected with the dogs in sternal recumbency; the observer was unaware of the administration route. At 10 minutes (stimulation 1) and 20 minutes (stimulation 2) after methadone administration pelvic limb reflexes were tested by digit-clamping. The time at skin incision (stimulation 3), joint-capsule incision (stimulation 4), tibial tuberosity drilling (stimulation 5), fabellar suturing (stimulation 6) and extracapsular tightening (stimulation 7) were noted. Changes in heart rate (HR) and respiratory rate and arterial blood pressure associated with surgery were recorded along with the corresponding Fe'ISO. After 20 minutes of anaesthesia, Fe'ISO was decreased to the minimum required to maintain stable anaesthesia. Immediately after tracheal extubation, 1, 2, 3 and 6 hours postoperatively and on the morning after surgery, the degree of pain present was assessed using a numerical rating scale. The HR, respiratory rates and blood pressure were also recorded at these times. Serum cortisol and blood glucose concentrations were measured before pre-anaesthetic medication and at each postoperative pain scoring interval except at 1 and 2 hours. Ketoprofen (2 mg kg(-1)), carprofen (4 mg kg(-1)) or meloxicam (0.2 mg kg(-1)) were given by subcutaneous injection whenever pain scoring indicated moderate discomfort was present.ResultsControlled ventilation was required in six dogs which stopped breathing after IV methadone. The median Fe'ISO at stimulus 5 was 1.0% in the IV and 0.83% in the ED group. At stimulus 6, Fe'ISO was 1.0% in the IV and 0.8% in the ED group; the difference was statistically significant (p ConclusionsExtradural methadone significantly reduces the isoflurane requirement compared with IV methadone during femoro-tibial joint surgery in dogs.Clinical RelevanceExtradural methadone provides safe and effective pain relief in dogs undergoing cruciate ligament repair.

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