• Zhen Zhang, Rong Yan, Qi Zhang, Jia Li, Xiaokui Kang, Haining Wang, Linchun Huan, Lin Zhang, Fan Li, Shuyuan Yang, Jianning Zhang, Xinliang Ren, and Xinyu Yang.
• Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, PR China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, PR China. Electronic address: paperzzhang@gmail.com.
• Brain Res. 2014 Oct 2;1583:65-78.

AbstractHairy and enhancer of split 1 (Hes1), a downstream target of Notch signaling, has long been recognized as crucial in inhibiting neuronal differentiation. However, the role of Hes1 following traumatic brain injury (TBI) in adult neurogenesis in the mouse dentate gyrus (DG) remains partially understood. Here, we investigate the role of Hes1 in regulating neurogenesis in the DG of the adult hippocampus after TBI by up- or downregulating Hes1 expression. First, adenovirus-mediated gene transfection was employed to upregulate Hes1 in vivo. The mice were then subjected to TBI, and the hippocampal tissue was collected for Western blot analysis at designated times, pre- and post-injury. Moreover, the brain slices were stained for BrdU and doublecortin (DCX). We show that enhancing Hes1 inhibits the proliferation and differentiation of neural precursor cells (NPCs) in the DG of the hippocampus soon after TBI. Second, downregulation of Hes1 via RNA interference (RNAi) results in a significant increase in neuronal production and promotes the differentiation of NPCs into mature neurons in the DG, as assessed by BrdU and NeuN double staining. Furthermore, a Morris water maze (MWM) test clearly confirmed that the knockdown of Hes1 improves the spatial learning and memory capacity of adult mice following injury. Taken together, these observations suggest that Hes1 represents a negative regulator of adult neurogenesis post-TBI and that the precise space-time regulation of Hes1 expression in the DG may promote the recovery of neural function following TBI.Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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