• R Ramanathan, K C Sekar, M Rasmussen, J Bhatia, and R F Soll.
• USC Division of Neonatal Medicine, LAC+USC Medical Center, Good Samaritan Hospital and Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA. ramanath@usc.edu
• J Perinatol. 2012 May 1;32(5):336-43.

ObjectiveTo compare the effect of early extubation to nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) versus nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) on the need for mechanical ventilation via endotracheal tube (MVET) at 7 days of age in preterm infants <30 weeks' gestation requiring intubation and surfactant for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) within 60  min of delivery.Study DesignMulticenter, randomized, controlled trial. A total of 57 infants were randomized within 120  min of birth to NCPAP (BW 1099 g and GA 27.8 weeks) and 53 infants to NIPPV (BW 1052  g, and GA 27.8 weeks). Infants were stabilized on NCPAP at birth and were given poractant alfa combined with MVET within 60  min of age. When stabilized on MVET, they were extubated within the next hours or days to NCPAP or NIPPV.ResultA total of 42% [corrected] of infants needed MVET at 7 days of age in the NCPAP group compared with 17% in the NIPPV group (OR: 3.6; 95% CI: 1.5, 8.7). Days on MVET were 12 ± 11 days in NCPAP group compared with 7.5 ± 12 days in the NIPPV group (median 1 vs 7 days; P=0.006). Clinical bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) was 39% in the NCPAP group compared to 21% in the NIPPV group (OR: 2.4; 95% CI: 1.02, 5.6). Physiological BPD was 46% in the NCPAP group compared with 11% in the NIPPV group (OR: 6.6, 95% CI: 2.4, 17.8; P=0.001). There were no differences in any other outcomes between the two groups.ConclusionNIPPV compared with NCPAP reduced the need for MVET in the first week, duration of MVET, and clinical as well as physiological BPD in preterm infants receiving early surfactant for RDS.

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