• Shahrokh Yousefzadeh Chabok, Anoush Dehnadi Moghadam, Zahra Saneei, Fatemeh Ghazanfari Amlashi, Ehsan Kazemnezhad Leili, and Zahra Mohtasham Amiri.
• Department of Neurosurgery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Guilan, Iran.
• J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2012 Jun 1;72(6):1654-7.

BackgroundDiffuse axonal injury (DAI) is a common type of traumatic brain injury, mostly associated with mild changes on computed tomography (CT) scan. Serum biomarkers might be used in the diagnosis and prognosis of this injury type. Our purpose was to determine temporal profile and predictive values of serum concentrations of protein S100BB and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) after DAI.MethodsTwenty-eight isolated severe DAI patients (Glasgow Coma Scale score ≤ 8) with normal CT were enrolled in the study. Serum levels of S100BB and NSE were determined at 6 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours after injury, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Clinical outcome variables of DAI comprised survival at discharge and Glasgow Outcome scale (GOS) after 3 months and also 2 years.ResultsS100BB concentration was maximum in 6 hours after injury (median = 280.75 ng/L) followed by a quick drop. Its value was significantly higher on third day in patients with unfavorable outcome (GOS score = 1-3) versus favorable outcome (GOS score = 4, 5) (p < 0.0001). The values of NSE had mild changes during 3 days; however, these measured values at 72 hours after trauma manifested higher in unfavorable outcome (p < 0.05).ConclusionsIncreased serum concentrations of NSE and S100BB within first 3 days after DAI are associated with poor outcome despite mild CT findings. S100BB level at 72 hours after injury can predict late outcome in DAI patients.Level Of EvidencePrognostic study, level III.Copyright © 2012 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

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