• Olavo Fernandes, Sean K Gorman, Richard S Slavik, William M Semchuk, Steve Shalansky, Jean-François Bussières, Douglas Doucette, Heather Bannerman, Jennifer Lo, Simone Shukla, Winnie W Y Chan, Natalie Benninger, Neil J MacKinnon, Chaim M Bell, Jeremy Slobodan, Catherine Lyder, Peter J Zed, and Kent Toombs.
• University Health Network Pharmacy Department, Toronto, ON, Canada University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
• Ann Pharmacother. 2015 Jun 1;49(6):656-69.

BackgroundKey performance indicators (KPIs) are quantifiable measures of quality. There are no published, systematically derived clinical pharmacy KPIs (cpKPIs).ObjectiveA group of hospital pharmacists aimed to develop national cpKPIs to advance clinical pharmacy practice and improve patient care.MethodsA cpKPI working group established a cpKPI definition, 8 evidence-derived cpKPI critical activity areas, 26 candidate cpKPIs, and 11 cpKPI ideal attributes in addition to 1 overall consensus criterion. Twenty-six clinical pharmacists and hospital pharmacy leaders participated in an internet-based 3-round modified Delphi survey. Panelists rated 26 candidate cpKPIs using 11 cpKPI ideal attributes and 1 overall consensus criterion on a 9-point Likert scale. A meeting was facilitated between rounds 2 and 3 to debate the merits and wording of candidate cpKPIs. Consensus was reached if 75% or more of panelists assigned a score of 7 to 9 on the consensus criterion during the third Delphi round.ResultsAll panelists completed the 3 Delphi rounds, and 25/26 (96%) attended the meeting. Eight candidate cpKPIs met the consensus definition: (1) performing admission medication reconciliation (including best-possible medication history), (2) participating in interprofessional patient care rounds, (3) completing pharmaceutical care plans, (4) resolving drug therapy problems, (5) providing in-person disease and medication education to patients, (6) providing discharge patient medication education, (7) performing discharge medication reconciliation, and (8) providing bundled, proactive direct patient care activities.ConclusionsA Delphi panel of hospital pharmacists was successful in determining 8 consensus cpKPIs. Measurement and assessment of these cpKPIs will serve to advance clinical pharmacy practice and improve patient care.© The Author(s) 2015.

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