• Franciele Donato, Marcelo Gomes de Gomes, André Tiago Rossito Goes, Carlos Borges Filho, Lucian Del Fabbro, Michelle S Antunes, Leandro Cattelan Souza, Silvana Peterini Boeira, and Cristiano Ricardo Jesse.
• Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica (PPGBioq), Universidade Federal do Pampa (Unipampa), Campus Uruguaiana, BR 472 KM 582, Caixa Postal 118, CEP 97500-970, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Avaliações Farmacológicas e Toxicológicas Aplicadas às Moléculas Bioativas (LaftamBio Pampa), Universidade Federal do Pampa (Unipampa), Rua Luiz Joaquim de Sá Britto, s/n, Campus Itaqui, CEP 97650-000, RS, Brazil.
• Brain Res. Bull. 2014 May 1;104:19-26.

AbstractHesperidin (4'-methoxy-7-O-rutinosyl-3',5-dihydroxyflavanone), a naturally occurring flavanone glycoside, was previously shown to produce an antidepressant-like effect with modultation of the serotonergic 5-HT1A and kappa-opioid receptors. In this study, the signaling mechanisms underlying their antidepressant-like effects were further evaluated by investigating in acute and chronic treatments. Results showed that chronic treatment of hesperidin or hesperitin (0.1, 0.3 and 1mg/kg, intraperitoneal, i.p.) have an antidepressant-like effect in the mouse tail suspension test (TST) without modified the locomotor activity in the open field test. Pretreatment with l-arginine (a nitric oxide (NO) precursor), sildenafil (a phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor) or S-nitroso-N-acetyl-penicillamine (a NO donor) significantly reversed the reduction in immobility time elicited by acute treatment with hesperidin (0.3mg/kg) in the TST. Hesperidin (0.01mg/kg, a sub-effective dose in acute treatment) produced an additive antidepressant-like effect with N(G)-nitro-l-arginine (an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS)) or 7-nitroindazole (a neuronal NOS inhibitor) in the TST. Pretreatment of animals with methylene blue (an inhibitor of NOS/soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC)) or ODQ (a specific inhibitor sGS) caused an additive effect with hesperidin in the TST. Hesperidin in the acute (1mg/kg) and chronic (0.1, 0.3 and 1mg/kg) treatments caused a significant decrease in nitrate/nitrite (NOX) levels in the hippocampus of mice. Chronic treatment with hesperidin (0.3 and 1mg/kg) also resulted in an increase in hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels. These results demonstrated that the antidepressant-like effect of hesperidin is likely mediated by inhibition of l-arginine-NO-cGMP pathway and by increased of the BDNF levels in hippocampus.Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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