• Waldo Osorio, Nelson Claure, Carmen D'Ugard, Kamlesh Athavale, and Eduardo Bancalari.
• Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami School of Medicine, FL, USA.
• J Perinatol. 2005 Jun 1;25(6):412-6.

BackgroundDuring weaning of synchronized intermittent mandatory rate in preterm infants, the spontaneous breaths must overcome the resistance of the endotracheal tube and the disease-induced respiratory loads. Pressure Support (PS) can be used as an adjunct to synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV) to partially unload the spontaneous breaths.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of two levels of PS as an adjunct to SIMV on gas exchange and breathing effort during an acute reduction in SIMV rate in preterm infants.MethodsIn all, 15 infants (birth weight 793 +/- 217 g, gestational age 26.4 +/- 1.5 weeks, postnatal age 15 +/- 16 days). Ventilatory support consisted of SIMV with peak inspiratory pressure (PTP) 16.3 +/- 1.3 cmH(2)O, positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) 4.3 +/- 0.6 cmH(2)O, and fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO(2)) 0.26 +/- 0.06. Infants were studied during four 30-minute periods: Two baseline SIMV periods and two periods of SIMV plus PS, in random order. During SIMV + PS, SIMV rate was lowered by 10 breaths per minute (b/minute) and PS was set at 3 and 6 cmH(2)O (SIMV+PS3 and SIMV + PS6, respectively).ResultsSIMV rate was reduced during SIMV + PS from 21.4 +/- 6.6 to 11.4 +/- 6.6 b/minute. Arterial oxygen saturation, transcutaneous carbon dioxide tension and FiO(2) remained unchanged. Minute ventilation, total respiratory rate and mean airway pressure were higher during SIMV + PS. Per-breath inspiratory effort was lower during SIMV + PS and this was more striking during SIMV + PS6. Spontaneous inspiratory effort per minute increased during SIMV + PS3, but this increase was averted during SIMV + PS6.ConclusionAssistance of the spontaneous breaths with pressure support maintained gas exchange. PS of 6 cm H(2)O prevented an increase in breathing effort during an acute 50% reduction in SIMV rate.

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