• L He, X Chen, and J Pan.
• Affiliated Zhong Shan Hospital of Shanghai Medical University, Shanghai 200032.
• Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi. 1998 Sep 1;21(9):532-4.

ObjectiveTo estimate the incidence of pneumonia acquired in the intensive care unit, and to define risk factors for developing such an event.MethodA total of 158 patients were retrospectively analyzed and 108 of them acquied pneumonia at ICU of Zhongshan Hospital (surgical ICU and respiratory ICU) and Huashan Hospital (general ICU) from January 1996 to November 1997. Statistical analysis was made using SPSS, odds ratios and stepwise logistic regression analysis were used to determine the interrelationships between multiple variables. Statistical significance was predetermined to include p values of < 0.05.ResultThe following five factors were significantly (P < 0.05) associated with HAP: cancer [OR = 6.73, 95% CI = 1.58 to 28.59], treatment with H2-blockers (OR = 5.5742, CI = 1.94 to 15.99), decreased consciousness (OR = 3.30, CI = 1.52 to 7.18), use of urethral catheters (OR = 1.07, CI = 1.01 to 1.13), and mechanical ventilation (OR = 1.05, CI = 1.00 to 1.01). The risk facors for HAP were different among different ICU. The risk of developing pneumonia increased when depressed level of consciousness and mechanical ventilation were present at general ICU. Factors significantly predisposing to HAP were underlying COPD, using H2-blockers and mechanical ventilation at respiratory ICU, and previously lower respiratory tract infection was the risk factor for HAP in surgical ICU. The following factors were associated with a significantly higher fatality rate in HAP patients: depressed level of consciousness (P = 0.02), previously lower respiratory tract infection (P = 0.001), and long-time mechanical ventilation (P = 0.03).ConclusionThe risk factors for HAP were different among different ICU, which may be related to the difference of patients with an ultimately or a rapidly fatal underlying illness admitted to these units.

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