• Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Apr 2014

    Pseudomonas aeruginosa Type-3 secretion system dampens host defense by exploiting the NLRC4-coupled inflammasome.

    • Emmanuel Faure, Jean-Baptiste Mear, Karine Faure, Sylvain Normand, Aurélie Couturier-Maillard, Teddy Grandjean, Viviane Balloy, Bernhard Ryffel, Rodrigue Dessein, Michel Chignard, Catherine Uyttenhove, Benoit Guery, Philippe Gosset, Mathias Chamaillard, and Eric Kipnis.
    • 1 Pseudomonas aeruginosa Host-Pathogen Translational Research Group, Université Droit et Santé de Lille, Lille, France.
    • Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.. 2014 Apr 1;189(7):799-811.

    RationalePseudomonas aeruginosa, a major problem pathogen responsible for severe infections in critically ill patients, triggers, through a functional type-3 secretion system (T3SS), the activation of an intracellular cytosolic sensor of innate immunity, NLRC4. Although the NLRC4-inflammasome-dependent response contributes to increased clearance of intracellular pathogens, it seems that NLRC4 inflammasome activation decreases the clearance of P. aeruginosa, a mainly extracellular pathogen.ObjectivesWe sought to determine the underlying mechanisms of this effect of the activation of NLRC4 by P. aeruginosa.MethodsWe established acute lung injury in wild-type and Nlrc4(-/-) mice using sublethal intranasal inocula of P. aeruginosa strain CHA expressing or not a functional T3SS. We studied 96-hour survival, lung injury, bacterial clearance from the lungs, cytokine secretion in bronchoalveolar lavage, lung antimicrobial peptide expression by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and flow cytometry analysis of lung cells.Measurements And Main ResultsNlrc4(-/-) mice showed enhanced bacterial clearance and decreased lung injury contributing to increased survival against extracellular P. aeruginosa strain expressing a functional T3SS. The mechanism involved decreased NLRC4-inflammasome-driven IL-18 secretion attenuating lung injury caused by excessive neutrophil recruitment. Additionally, in the lungs of Nlrc4(-/-) mice secretion of IL-17 by innate immune cells was increased and responsible for increased expression of lung epithelial antimicrobial peptides. Furthermore, IL-18 secretion was found to repress IL-17 and IL-17-driven lung antimicrobial peptide expression.ConclusionsWe report a new role of the T3SS apparatus itself, independently of exotoxin translocation. Through NLRC4 inflammasome activation, the T3SS promotes IL-18 secretion, which dampens a beneficial IL-17-mediated antimicrobial host response.

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