• U Schwemmer, C A Greim, T D Boehm, T Papenfuss, C K Markus, N Roewer, and F Gohlke.
• Klinik und Poliklinik für Anästhesiologie, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg. schwemmer_u@klinik.uni-wuerzburg.de
• Schmerz. 2004 Dec 1;18(6):475-80.

AbstractSurgical procedures in the region of the shoulder joint are among the most painful interventions in orthopedic practice. For this reason, in addition to intravenous pain therapy with opioids, blockade of the brachial plexus has become established as an effective method to provide analgesia.High-resolution ultrasound offers the possibility of performing nerve blockades under visual monitoring. Studies on interscalene blockade performed under sonographic control provide evidence for both the high efficacy and safety of the procedure. Clinically manifest signs of nerve damage have not appeared with use of this method. Smaller operations can usually be adequately managed with perioperative single-shot blockade. More extensive operations for which severe pain lasting for several days can be expected and surgical interventions involving preexistent shoulder stiffness necessitate catheterization for uninterrupted pain therapy. Successful rehabilitation after shoulder surgery requires diligent perioperative pain blockade, which can primarily be provided by interscalene plexus blockade.

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