• Neuroscience · May 2018

    Neural correlates of success and failure signals during neurofeedback learning.

    • Joaquim Radua, Teodora Stoica, Dustin Scheinost, Christopher Pittenger, and Michelle Hampson.
    • FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries - CIBERSAM, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona 08830, Spain; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, SE5 8AF, UK; Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden. Electronic address: jradua@fidmag.com.
    • Neuroscience. 2018 May 15; 378: 11-21.

    AbstractFeedback-driven learning, observed across phylogeny and of clear adaptive value, is frequently operationalized in simple operant conditioning paradigms, but it can be much more complex, driven by abstract representations of success and failure. This study investigates the neural processes involved in processing success and failure during feedback learning, which are not well understood. Data analyzed were acquired during a multisession neurofeedback experiment in which ten participants were presented with, and instructed to modulate, the activity of their orbitofrontal cortex with the aim of decreasing their anxiety. We assessed the regional blood-oxygenation-level-dependent response to the individualized neurofeedback signals of success and failure across twelve functional runs acquired in two different magnetic resonance sessions in each of ten individuals. Neurofeedback signals of failure correlated early during learning with deactivation in the precuneus/posterior cingulate and neurofeedback signals of success correlated later during learning with deactivation in the medial prefrontal/anterior cingulate cortex. The intensity of the latter deactivations predicted the efficacy of the neurofeedback intervention in the reduction of anxiety. These findings indicate a role for regulation of the default mode network during feedback learning, and suggest a higher sensitivity to signals of failure during the early feedback learning and to signals of success subsequently.Copyright © 2016 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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