• Viral K Doshi, Shreedhar R Kulkarni, Nang M Kham, and Kent S Kapitan.
• Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine viralkdoshi@gmail.com.
• Respir Care. 2015 Mar 1;60(3):e56-8.

AbstractCoexistence of Mycobacterium xenopi with lung cancer has been reported. However, lung cancer originating within a pre-existing cavity caused by M. xenopi has not. A 55-y-old woman with a history of smoking presented with complaints of chronic dry cough, night sweats, and weight loss for several months. Computed tomography (CT) scanning revealed a 3.5-cm irregular thick-walled cavity in the right lung apex. Cultures obtained from a CT-guided biopsy grew M. xenopi. The patient received standard treatment, and her clinical symptoms improved, and the radiographic lesion stabilized. However, 2 y later, a repeat chest x-ray showed the original right upper lobe cavity with an interval development of a mass adjoining the cavity. A CT-guided needle biopsy of the new mass demonstrated squamous cell carcinoma. Whenever there is a change in the radiological appearance of a cavity, a repeat biopsy should be performed to exclude lung cancer.Copyright © 2015 by Daedalus Enterprises.

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