• Louise Wen, Gillian Hilton, and Brendan Carvalho.
• Department of Anesthesia, Stanford University School of Medicine, Rm H3580, 300 Pasteur Dr, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
• J Clin Anesth. 2015 Feb 1;27(1):33-8.

Study ObjectiveOxytocin may play a role in pain modulation. The analgesic effects of breastfeeding with its associated endogenous oxytocin release have not been well investigated. To determine the impact of breastfeeding on incisional, perineal, and cramping pain after cesarean and vaginal delivery.DesignInstitutional review board-approved prospective observational study.SettingLabor and delivery and maternity wards.PatientsHealthy (American Society of Anesthesiology physical statuses 1 and 2) multiparous women who had cesarean (n = 40) and vaginal (n = 43) deliveries of singleton term infants and who were breastfeeding were enrolled.InterventionsWomen completed diaries to record incisional, perineal, or cramping pain scores 5 minutes before, during, and 5 minutes after breastfeeding.MeasurementsDemographic, obstetric, and neonatal variables, as well as analgesic use, were recorded.Main ResultsThere was no difference in incisional pain before, during, and after breastfeeding in women post-cesarean delivery. Cramping pain was significantly increased during, as compared with before or after breastfeeding in both the vaginal (P < .001) and cesarean (P < .001) delivery cohorts.ConclusionsThere was no analgesic effect on incisional pain during breastfeeding, indicating that endogenous oxytocin associated with breastfeeding may not play a significant role in postpartum cesarean wound pain modulation. Breastfeeding increased cramping pain after vaginal and cesarean delivery. The increase in cramping pain is most likely due to the breastfeeding-associated oxytocin surge increasing uterine tone.Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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