-
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Effects of subcutaneous verapamil on the duration of local anesthetic blockade.
- C E Laurito, S J Cohn, and G L Becker.
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois, Chicago.
- J Clin Anesth. 1994 Sep 1; 6 (5): 414-8.
Study ObjectivesTo determine whether a subcutaneous injection of verapamil will provide local anesthesia and whether a mixture of lidocaine and verapamil will prolong the anesthetic effect of lidocaine alone.DesignRandomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.SettingPreanesthetic area of a large metropolitan teaching hospital.Patients20 volunteers.InterventionsAll volunteers received 4 injections of normal saline, verapamil, lidocaine, and lidocaine-verapamil at the volar aspect of the forearm. The sites were tested with a 26-gauge needle to be sure the sensation of sharp could be appreciated. The injections were performed in a randomized, double-blind fashion using a sterile technique. The 4 areas were tested at 1-minute intervals using a 26-gauge needle until the sensation of sharp was again perceived.Measurements And Main ResultsInjection sites were examined for the presence and degree of erythema. Volunteers were asked to rate the degree of pain felt during and immediately after injection. The time elapsed until the person was again able to perceive sharp from a 26-gauge needle prick was measured at all 4 sites. When compared with the effects of normal saline, subcutaneous verapamil provided local anesthesia to pinprick. The mixture of verapamil and lidocaine also provided anesthesia to pinprick, but the duration of effect was less than that provided by lidocaine alone. The use of verapamil alone and in combination with lidocaine was associated with a marked degree of erythema and edema.ConclusionsVerapamil injected subcutaneously provides a degree of local anesthesia. However, this effect is hampered by a local reaction at the injection site and a short duration of action. The mixture of lidocaine and verapamil provides a shorter duration of action than does lidocaine alone.
Notes
Knowledge, pearl, summary or comment to share?You can also include formatting, links, images and footnotes in your notes
- Simple formatting can be added to notes, such as
*italics*
,_underline_
or**bold**
. - Superscript can be denoted by
<sup>text</sup>
and subscript<sub>text</sub>
. - Numbered or bulleted lists can be created using either numbered lines
1. 2. 3.
, hyphens-
or asterisks*
. - Links can be included with:
[my link to pubmed](http://pubmed.com)
- Images can be included with:
![alt text](https://bestmedicaljournal.com/study_graph.jpg "Image Title Text")
- For footnotes use
[^1](This is a footnote.)
inline. - Or use an inline reference
[^1]
to refer to a longer footnote elseweher in the document[^1]: This is a long footnote.
.