• Paediatric anaesthesia · Mar 2009

    Absorption pharmacokinetics of clonidine nasal drops in children.

    • Nicole Almenrader, Peter Larsson, Maurizio Passariello, Roberta Haiberger, Paolo Pietropaoli, Per-Arne Lönnqvist, and Staffan Eksborg.
    • Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, University Hospital, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy. n.almenrader@gmail.com
    • Paediatr Anaesth. 2009 Mar 1; 19 (3): 257-61.

    BackgroundThe alpha2 agonist clonidine has become a popular drug for premedication in children. Effects and pharmacokinetics after oral, rectal, and intravenous administration are well known. The aim of this study was to investigate the absorption pharmacokinetics of clonidine nasal drops in children.MethodsThirteen ASA I pediatric patients received after induction of anesthesia 4 mcg x kg(-1) of clonidine by the nasal route. Blood samples were taken during a 12-h period and plasma levels of clonidine were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Data were calculated by a computer-aided curve-fitting program.ResultsPlasma pharmacokinetics following administration of clonidine nasal drops showed a considerable interindividual variability and absorption was delayed and limited. A total of 95% confidence intervals for maximum plasma concentration and time to achieve maximum plasma concentration were 0.4-0.6 ng x ml(-1) and 1.4-3.0 h, respectively.ConclusionsClonidine nasal drops are erratically absorbed from the nasal mucosa and, thus, this mode of drug administration is not recommended for premedication purposes.

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