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- R Cowen, M K Stasiowska, H Laycock, and C Bantel.
- Chelsea and Westminster NHS Foundation Trust, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital Campus, London, UK.
- Anaesthesia. 2015 Jul 1; 70 (7): 828847828-47.
AbstractPain diagnosis and management would benefit from the development of objective markers of nociception and pain. Current research addressing this issue has focused on five main strategies, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. These encompass: (i) monitoring changes in the autonomic nervous system; (ii) biopotentials; (iii) neuroimaging; (iv) biological (bio-) markers; and (v) composite algorithms. Although each strategy has shown areas of promise, there are currently no validated objective markers of nociception or pain that can be recommended for clinical use. This article introduces the most important developments in the field and highlights shortcomings, with the aim of allowing the reader to make informed decisions about what trends to watch in the future.© 2015 The Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland.
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